Maths Playground2 of 9 4 beats
CombinatoricsGrades 5–6

How many ways can you make 4 beats?

Whole, half, quarter, eighth. Build a bar, and every new pattern you invent gets collected. There are 56 in all — go hunting.

CombinatoricsSequences

A bar in 4/4 needs four beats — no more, no less. But there are loads of different ways to get there. Build one, and it goes in your collection.

build a bar — it collects itself when it hits 4 beats

4 beats to go

empty — add a note value below

your collection

You have found 0 ways to make 4 beats — out of 56

Nothing collected yet. Build a bar above and it lands here — tap any one to hear it again.

what exactly are we counting?

Order matters here

We are counting ordered patterns — the order you play them in. ¼ + ½ + ¼ and ½ + ¼ + ¼ use exactly the same blocks, but they are different rhythms, so we count them as two. Mathematicians call an ordered list like this a composition.

ordered patterns making 4 beats = 56

If order did not matter…

If you only cared which blocks were in the bag and not what order they came out, there would be far fewer. Then ¼ + ½ + ¼ and ½ + ¼ + ¼ are the same handful of blocks — one answer, not two.

different sets of blocks = 10

Both numbers are correct — they answer different questions. Always say which one you mean. Everything on this page counts the ordered kind, using the whole, half, quarter and eighth notes.

a smaller puzzle you can finish

Just halves and quarters

Throw away the whole note and the eighth. Now every bar is built from halves (2 beats) and quarters (1 beat) only. Try to find them all before you press the button — there are exactly 5.

a pattern worth spotting

1 beat
1
way
2 beats
2
ways
3 beats
3
ways
4 beats
5
ways

1, 2, 3, 5 — each number is the two before it added together. It happens because a bar either starts with a quarter (leaving 3 beats to fill) or with a half (leaving 2), so ways(4) = ways(3) + ways(2) = 3 + 2 = 5. Those are the Fibonacci numbers, hiding in a rhythm exercise.

From the NSM syllabus

  • All Permutations of sounds adding to 4 beats (4/4)

For the classroom

Learning goals

  • Counting problems must state whether order matters: ordered patterns (compositions) and unordered sets give different, equally correct answers — 56 and 10 for a 4/4 bar built from whole, half, quarter and eighth notes.
  • A large count can be built from smaller ones: the number of ways to fill a bar is the sum of the ways to fill what is left after the first note.
  • Restricting the pieces to halves and quarters produces the Fibonacci numbers 1, 2, 3, 5 — a pattern children can find by hand before it is named.

Try this

  1. 1.Halves and quarters only. Ask each pair to write every bar they can find, then compare lists and agree on how many there are before revealing the five.
  2. 2.Ask the class whether ¼ + ½ + ¼ and ½ + ¼ + ¼ should count as one way or two. Take a vote, then clap both and let the ears settle the argument.
  3. 3.Extend it: how many ordered ways fill a bar of 3/4 using halves and quarters? Work it out with the staircase (ways(3) = ways(2) + ways(1)) before checking by hand.